RS-T06-Q11 · 无氧呼吸「乳酸 / 酒精发酵」

先自己写完再对答案；卡住的地方回看这段讲解（公开课时间码 24:20–26:40）

来源 9700_w22_qp_42.pdf → 9700_w22_ms_42.pdf　|　小问：全部小问

触发题型：看到 anaerobic / 问哺乳动物 vs 酵母 / 问为什么必须再生 NAD

✅ Mark Scheme 得分点（原文）

逐条计分：n 分写 n 条；红字为考官明确不接受（Do not accept）

2(a)(i)

1. any four from:
2. glycolysis ;
3. glucose to pyruvate ;
4. pyruvate to ethanal by, decarboxylation / CO2 removal ;
5. ethanal, reduced / hydrogenated, to ethanol ;
6. reduced NAD to NAD ; A regeneration of NAD
7. AVP ; e.g. ethanol / alcohol, dehydrogenase or pyruvate decarboxylase

2(a)(ii)

1. any two from:
2. can survive (in absence of oxygen) ;
3. (as) ATP still produced (from glycolysis) ;
4. glycolysis can continue ;
5. as NAD recycled ;

2(b)

1. any two from:
2. GM strain has higher (concentration of ethanol / ethanol production)
3. or
4. GM strain has steeper increase (in concentration of ethanol / ethanol production) ; ora
5. (both GM and non-GM) (concentration of ethanol / ethanol production) increases then levels off ;
6. comparative figs to support trend ; e.g.
7. (mp1) (max concentration) for GM 19 g dm–3 and non-GM 1 g dm–3
8. (mp2) (levels off at) 18 g dm–3 for GM and 1 g dm–3 for non-GM

2(c)

1. any two from:
2. similar / same, concentration of starch hydrolysed ;
3. similar / same, concentration of glucose available (to yeast) ;
4. enzymes work at the same rate (in both methods) ;
5. AVP ; e.g. GM yeast cells produce more enzymes

2(d)

1. any one from:
2. more (named) fuel or electricity needed ;
3. need to add enzymes ;
4. AVP ; e.g. (whole method) takes longer