RS-T01-Q1 · 呼吸作用「定义与能量货币」

先自己写完再对答案；卡住的地方回看这段讲解（公开课时间码 12:00–14:20）

来源 9700_s25_qp_41.pdf → 9700_s25_ms_41.pdf　|　小问：全部小问

触发题型：看到 Define respiration / 问 ATP 为什么是能量通货 / 问哪些分子进入呼吸途径

✅ Mark Scheme 得分点（原文）

逐条计分：n 分写 n 条；红字为考官明确不接受（Do not accept）

1(a)

1. any two from:
2. glucose (phosphate) ;
3. fructose (phosphate / bisphosphate) ;
4. triose phosphate ;
5. (named) fatty acid / keto-acid ;
6. glycerol ;
7. amino acid ;

1(b)

1. any four from:
2. breaks down / hydrolyses to, ADP / AMP, and Pi ;
3. releases, energy / 30.5 kJ mol-1 ;
4. reversible reaction / high turnover / can be regenerated ;
5. small / soluble, so can, diffuse / move (freely), in cell ;
6. AVP ;

1(c)

1. substrate-linked / substrate-level (phosphorylation) ;

1(d)(i)

1. oxygen ;

1(d)(ii)

1. presence of oxygen:
2. (ATP yield) increases / is higher ;
3. plus any two from:
4. oxygen acts as final, electron / proton, acceptor ;
5. oxidative phosphorylation / chemiosmosis (occurs) ;
6. energy from, reduced NAD / reduced FAD / electron transport chain ;
7. proton gradient / H+ → into intermembrane space ;
8. ATP made in Krebs cycle ;